We conduct independent research into significant challenges to the economy, society and the welfare state in a global world.
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Research
The ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin Institute for the Economy and the Future of Work (RFBerlin) engages in research designed to raise the standard of public debate and create the best possible basis for policy making.
Discussion papers
No. 201/26 - July 2026
The Dynamics of Educational Attainment, Overeducation, and Wages
Lorenzo Navarini, Dieter Verhaest
No. 200/26 - July 2026
Illbeing Among the Young in Europe: Evidence from the COME HERE Panel
David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, Anthony Lepinteur, Alan Piper
No. 199/26 - July 2026
AI adoption by human experts: Evidence from primary care physicians
Shan Huang, Renke Schmacker, Hannes Ullrich
No. 198/26 - July 2026
Life After Divorce: Effects of Joint Custody on Parents and Children
Stella Canessa, Gordon Dahl, Anna Hasselqvist, Costas Meghir, Susan Niknami, Mårten Palme, Helmut Rainer, Olof Rosenqvist, Pengpeng Xiao
Research Insights
Concise, research-based articles for scholars,
policymakers, and anyone curious about the world.

No. 27/26 - July 2026
The Renegotiation Gap: Why Outside Job Opportunities Widen the Gender Wage Gap
Women earn less than men even when they hold the same job in the same workplace. In Sweden – one of the most gender-equal countries in the world – women in the private sector earn 8% less per hour than male colleagues in the same workplace and occupation. This gap grows the longer they stay in the job: it widens by 2 percentage points over five years. What drives this pattern?
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No. 26/26 - July 2026
Seasonal Allergies and Accidents
Hay fever, or seasonal allergies, affects more than 400 million people worldwide. During pollen season, sufferers face sneezing, itchy eyes, and daytime sleepiness. Most consider it a minor nuisance. Could these effects be causing real accidents—and serious economic losses?
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No. 25/26 - July 2026
Who Is Left Out? Collective Bargaining and Low-Wage Workers in Germany
Germany’s collective bargaining system has long been a cornerstone of fair wages and stable labor relations. But its reach has weakened—and not evenly. Our study shows that while collective agreements still shape wages for many workers, coverage has declined over time and is particularly low among low-wage workers.
Learn moreCReAM Reports
Data-driven reports on migration and related economic and social trends, highlighting the latest developments across Europe and beyond.

No. 5/26 - June 2026
The Refugee Population in Europe in 2025: A Decade of Growth Comes to a Halt
The rapid growth of Europe's refugee population has come to an end. Drawing on new UNHCR data, this report shows how falling asylum inflows, the naturalisation of earlier refugee cohorts in Germany, and a reform of temporary protection in Italy are reshaping refugee numbers.
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No. 4/26 - May 2026
Immigrant Educational Attainment in the European Union: Origin, Gender and Cross-Country Differences
This report examines educational attainment among natives, EU-born immigrants, and non-EU-born immigrants across the European Union, highlighting how differences by origin, gender, and country continue to shape educational outcomes despite a general rise in tertiary attainment since 2017.
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No. 3/26 - April 2026
The Immigrant Population in the European Union: Growth, Concentration and Dispersion
The EU hosts a record 64 million foreign-born residents, with migration continuing to grow strongly, though unevenly across countries. While Germany and Spain dominate in absolute numbers, smaller Member States often face greater relative pressure.
View reportNews
RFBerlin research and researchers are regularly featured in the press.

21 Jul 2026
Research Insight on The Renegotiation Gap featured in Worldwide Media
View article

16 Jul 2026
RFBerlin’s Hanna Wang on Parental Allowance Reform in RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland
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Tweets by @RF_Berlin
📰 The RFBerlin Research Insight on The Renegotiation Gap by Peter Fredriksson, Dogan Gülümser and Lena Hensvik was featured in multiple international media outlets! From Germany to New Zealand, the US and Sri Lanka, check the insight and all the press mentions
Our new paper with @DieterVerhaest is out as a @RF_Berlin WP.
Graduates with the highest potential returns may also lose the most from a mismatched first job.
Read it here: https://www.rfberlin.com/network-paper/was-your-degree-worth-it-heterogeneous-returns-to-higher-education-fields-of-study-and-skill-mismatch/
Upcoming events
RFBerlin hosts a wide array of events aimed at fostering academic research and collaboration.
Handbook of Labor Economics – Chapter Previews
In anticipation of the upcoming Handbook of Labor Economics, we offer early access to select chapters through our Discussion Papers series. Following our 2023 conference on this new edition, first chapters are now available for preview, featuring insights from leading research in economics and labor.

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